Onchocerciasis (also known as river blindness) is caused by Onchocerca volvulus a nema. It is a nematode transmitted by the bite of the black fly (genus Simulium). The worms induce an intense immune response that can damage nearby tissues. Dermatologic involvement causes itchy pruritus. Ocular involvement is what gives the disease the river blindness its name. It can cause corneal opacities and eventually blindness. Treatment is by the use of the drug ivermectin. 99 % of the cases are found in Africa. Aproximately 300, 000 people have become permanently blind. Several control programs have been made.
From the World Health Organization
Onchocerciasis fact sheet
Onchocerciasis control programs
From the Centers for Disease Control
Onchocerciasis
Filariasis (life cycle, geographic distribution, clinical features, diagnosis)
Additional resources
OnchoNet
The Carter Center River Blindness Program
Sponsors